PS 2002(1)

Income Tax Withholding for Athletes or Entertainers

This publication has been superseded by PS 2002(1.1)

Purpose: This Policy Statement describes the revised requirements for income tax withholding at the source of payment for athletes and entertainers on their income derived from Connecticut sources, as required by Connecticut income tax regulations. This Policy Statement modifies and supersedes the requirements that were described in Policy Statement 96(1), Income Tax Withholding for Athletes and Entertainers.

Background: The Department of Revenue Services (DRS) requires each designated withholding agent to withhold Connecticut income tax from a payment for personal services made to an athlete or entertainer (or his or her agent) who is not considered an employee of the designated withholding agent for federal income tax withholding purposes.  Under requirements that were first described in Policy Statement 96(1), the athlete or entertainer is treated as an employee, and the designated withholding agent is treated as the employer of the athlete or entertainer, for Connecticut income tax withholding purposes.  Consequently, the designated withholding agent must register with DRS to withhold Connecticut income tax, withhold Connecticut income tax from the payment made to the athlete or entertainer (or his or her agent), and then pay over the Connecticut income tax to, and file the Connecticut withholding tax returns with, DRS as described below.

Effective Date: Effective January 1, 2002 and applicable to payments made on or after that date.

Statutory Authority:  Conn. Gen. Stat. §12-705 and Conn. Agencies Regs. §12-705(b)-1.

Definitions:   As used in this Policy Statement: Designated withholding agent means a Connecticut venue, or lessee of a Connecticut venue, that contracts to pay performers or performing entities for services performed in Connecticut and that has been designated as a withholding agent by DRS.   A promoter may be designated as a withholding agent by DRS.  If there is more than one promoter, the promoters may agree among themselves, subject to the approval of DRS, which one of them is to be the designated withholding agent. 

Performer means an athlete, including but not limited to, a wrestler, boxer, golfer, tennis player, or other athlete, as well as a referee or trainer, or an entertainer, including but not limited to, an actor, singer, musician, dancer, circus performer, comedian, public speaker, as well as a writer, director, set designer, or member of a sound or light crew.

Performing entity means any corporation, partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability company that employs or engages one or more performers.

Resident individual means an individual who is a resident of this state, as defined in Conn. Gen. Stat. §12-701(a)(1). In general, a resident individual is either an individual who is domiciled in Connecticut or, if not domiciled in Connecticut, an individual who maintains a permanent place of abode in Connecticut and spends in the aggregate more than 183 days of the taxable year in Connecticut.

Nonresident individual means a nonresident of this state, as defined in Conn. Gen. Stat. §12-701(a)(2).  In general, a nonresident individual is an individual who is not domiciled in Connecticut, and who does not maintain a permanent place of abode in Connecticut and spend in the aggregate more than 183 days of the taxable year in Connecticut.

General Rules for Withholding Tax at Source of Payment:  A designated withholding agent that contracts to pay a performer or performing entity for services performed in Connecticut is required to withhold Connecticut income tax at the source of payment at the rate of 4.5% (0.045) of the gross payment to the performer or performing entity, unless:

• The payment by the designated withholding agent to the performer or performing entity for the performance is $1,000 or less (see FIRST EXCEPTION, below);
• DRS grants a request for reduced withholding (see SECOND EXCEPTION, below); or
• A request for a waiver of withholding is made, and, if required, DRS grants the request (see THIRD EXCEPTION, below).  

If a performance of a performer or performing entity is taped or filmed, the taping or filming of the performance in Connecticut makes these rules applicable, whether or not the taped or filmed performance will be televised or broadcasted to an audience in Connecticut.  

The following examples illustrate the application of these requirements and the designated withholding agent’s responsibility to withhold:  

Example 1:  A payment made by a designated withholding agent to a performer (or his or her agent) for services performed in Connecticut is subject to these withholding requirements.

Example 2: A payment made by a designated withholding agent to an independent contractor such as a nonresident owner of a band, orchestra, theater troupe, dance troupe, circus, or other similar performing entity for services performed in Connecticut is subject to these withholding requirements.

Example 3:  A payment made to a supporting act is subject to these withholding requirements, where the designated withholding agent negotiates a contract with a headliner and, under the contract, the designated withholding agent is to pay the headliner and the headliner is to pay the supporting act.  It is the designated withholding agent’s responsibility to ensure that Connecticut income tax is withheld from the payment to the supporting act and paid over to DRS.

Example 4:  A payment made for sound and light services provided by nonresidents is subject to these withholding requirements.

Example 5: A payment made by a designated withholding agent to a promoter who, in turn, pays a performer or performing entity with whom he or she has contracted to perform at a Connecticut venue is subject to these withholding requirements.

Example 6: A payment made by a designated withholding agent to a performer who is not a citizen or resident of the United States for services performed in Connecticut is subject to these withholding requirements.  This is the case even if a tax treaty between the United States and the performer’s country does not subject the payment to federal income tax; a performer's federal Form W-8, Certificate of Foreign Status, does not exempt the designated withholding agent and the performer from these withholding requirements, and the performer is subject to Connecticut income tax.

Contracts That Prohibit Withholding.  Conn. Agencies Regs. §12-705(b)-1 supersedes any provision in a performer’s or performing entity’s contract that provides that Connecticut income tax should not be withheld; Connecticut income tax must still be withheld from a payment to the performer or performing entity for the performance.

FIRST EXCEPTION—Payment of $1,000 or less for a performance:  Where a performer or performing entity is paid $1,000 or less for a performance (or series of performances) by a designated withholding agent, the performer or performing entity will not be required to request a waiver of withholding from DRS (see THIRD EXCEPTION, below), and the designated withholding agent will not be required to withhold Connecticut income tax from the payment to the performer or performing entity.  If there is a subsequent performance (or series of performances) for which the performer or performing entity is paid $1,000 or less, the performer or performing entity will still not be required to request a waiver of withholding from DRS, and the designated withholding agent will still not be required to withhold Connecticut income tax from the payment to the performer or performing entity.  The fact that Connecticut income tax may not have been withheld from a payment to a performer or performing entity does not affect the performer’s liability for Connecticut income tax.

SECOND EXCEPTION—Request for reduced withholding:  Where a performer or performing entity believes that 4.5% of a payment by a designated withholding agent to the performer or performing entity is likely to exceed to a significant degree the Connecticut income tax liability of the performer, the performer or performing entity may request reduced Connecticut income tax withholding by completing Form CT-588, Athlete or Entertainer Request for Reduced Withholding.  The form should be sent or faxed to: Department of Revenue Services, Audit Division, Entertainment Withholding Section, 25 Sigourney Street, Hartford, CT 06106 (Fax: 860-541-4599). The form must be received by DRS at least 14 calendar days before the date on which payment will be made for the performance.  DRS will either grant or deny the request, and will give notice of its decision by issuing Form CT-595, Notice to Designated Withholding Agent, to the designated withholding agent and to the performer or performing entity.  If DRS grants a request for reduced withholding, DRS will indicate on Form CT-595 the amount of Connecticut income tax that must be withheld by the designated withholding agent and paid over to DRS.  

If a designated withholding agent has not received Form CT-595 on or before the date that payment is made to the performer or performing entity, the designated withholding agent should presume that the request has been denied and withhold Connecticut income tax at a rate of 4.5% of the gross payment to the performer or performing entity. If the designated withholding agent still has not received Form CT-595 on or before the date that is two weeks before the due date of the Form CT-941, Connecticut Quarterly Reconciliation of Withholding, for the calendar quarter, the designated withholding agent or the performer or performing entity may call the DRS Audit Division, Entertainment Withholding Section, at: 860-541-4550 for information on the status of the request. The designated withholding agent may be instructed by DRS to return any excess amounts withheld to the performer or performing entity.

THIRD EXCEPTION—Request for waiver of withholding:  Where a performer or performing entity fits within one or more of the categories described below, the performer or performing entity may request a waiver of Connecticut income tax withholding by completing Form CT-590, Athlete or Entertainer Request for Waiver of Withholding. In certain instances described below, the form must be submitted to DRS, and DRS must either grant or deny the request.  In other instances described below, the form need not be submitted to DRS, but must be retained by the designated withholding agent for no less than four years after the date of the performance.

Where Form CT-590 must be submitted to DRS:  Form CT-590 must be submitted to DRS in either of the following two circumstances:

• Nonresident performer with annual Connecticut source income of $3,000 or less. The performer requesting the waiver is a nonresident individual who expects to be paid $3,000 or less during the calendar year (including any payment or payments by the designated withholding agent and by any other person) for services performed in Connecticut.  If subsequent payments during the calendar year to the performer result in the performer being paid, in the aggregate, more than $3,000 during the calendar year for services performed in Connecticut, the performer may not request a waiver of withholding from that point forward until the end of the calendar year.  “Catch up” withholding will not be required for a performer who reasonably believed that payments to him or her for services performed in Connecticut for the calendar year would not exceed $3,000, but who subsequently is paid more than $3,000 for services performed in Connecticut for the calendar year.  However, the performer remains subject to Connecticut income tax on all payments made to him or her for services performed in Connecticut for the calendar year.
• Performing entity registered as employer. The performing entity requesting the waiver is registered with DRS to withhold Connecticut income tax as an employer and has a satisfactory record of filing all required Connecticut tax returns and paying all required Connecticut taxes.

Form CT-590 should be sent or faxed to: Department of Revenue Services, Audit Division, Entertainment Withholding Section, 25 Sigourney Street, Hartford, CT 06106 (Fax: 860-541-4599).  The form must be received by DRS at least 14 calendar days before the date on which payment will be made for the performance.  DRS will either grant or deny the request, and will give notice of its decision by issuing a Form CT-595 to the designated withholding agent and to the performer or performing entity.

If a designated withholding agent has not received Form CT-595 on or before the date that payment is made to the performer or performing entity, the designated withholding agent should presume that the request has been denied and withhold Connecticut income tax at a rate of 4.5% of the gross payment to the performer or performing entity. If the designated withholding agent or performer or performing entity still has not received Form CT-595 on or before the date that is two weeks before the due date of the Form CT-941 for the calendar quarter, the designated withholding agent or the performer or performing entity may call the DRS Audit Division, Entertainment Withholding Section, at: 860-541-4550 for information on the status of the request. The designated withholding agent may be instructed by DRS to return any excess amounts withheld to the performer or performing entity.

Where Form CT-590 need not be submitted to DRS but must be retained by the designated withholding agent:  A designated withholding agent is not required to withhold Connecticut income tax from a payment being made to a performer or performing entity in any of the following three circumstances, as long as Form CT-590 has been signed and dated by the performer or performing entity and the form is taken in good faith by the designated withholding agent:  

• Resident performer. The performer requesting the waiver is a resident individual who has a satisfactory record of filing all required Connecticut tax returns and paying all required Connecticut taxes and has made any required estimated Connecticut income tax payments for the current taxable year.
• Employee of designated withholding agent. The performer requesting the waiver is an individual who is treated, for federal income tax withholding purposes, by the designated withholding agent as an employee of the designated withholding agent, and the designated withholding agent has a satisfactory history of filing all required Connecticut tax returns and paying all required Connecticut taxes.
• Performing entity continuously maintains, occupies, and uses an office in Connecticut. The performing entity requesting the waiver is a corporation, partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability company that has a satisfactory record of filing all required Connecticut tax returns and paying all required Connecticut taxes and that has an office in Connecticut, and the office is continuously maintained, occupied, and used by the corporation, partnership, limited partnership, or limited liability company’s regular employees who are regularly in attendance to carry on its business in its own name.

Annual Withholding Tax Returns for Certain Designated Withholding Agents:   A designated withholding agent whose total annual Connecticut income tax withholding is less than $1,000 will be allowed to file one Form CT-941 covering the entire calendar year, if DRS is satisfied that the collection of taxes will not be jeopardized and notifies the designated withholding agent that it may file one Form CT-941 covering the entire calendar year.  The annual Form CT-941 will be required to be filed no later than the last day of January next succeeding the end of the calendar year, provided, if the withholding agent is required to withhold Connecticut income tax during only one calendar quarter of the calendar year, DRS will require the annual Form CT-941 to be filed no later than the last day of the month next succeeding the end of that calendar quarter.

Forms Revised:  DRS has revised Form CT-588 and Form CT-590. The January 2002 revision of these forms will be made available to tax practitioners and the public on the DRS Web site beginning January 7, 2002.  (“Rev. 01/2002” appears in the upper left-hand corner of the January 2002 revision of these forms.)  Persons filing these forms before February 1, 2002, may use either the October 1996 revision or the January 2002 revision of these forms. (“Rev. 10/96” appears in the upper left-hand corner of the October 1996 revision of these forms.)  Persons filing these forms on or after February 1, 2002 must use the January 2002 revision of these forms, and may not use the October 1996 revision of these forms.

DRS has also revised Form CT-592, Performing Entity’s Withholding Tax Statement.  This form will no longer be completed by a designated withholding agent, but will be required to be completed by a performing entity in order to furnish Connecticut income tax withholding information and documentation to its members or participants.(A designated withholding agent will be required to report Connecticut income tax withholding information to DRS and to each performer or performing entity using federal Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income, that federal law requires the designated withholding agent to furnish to the performer or performing entity.)  A performing entity will determine how much of the aggregate income and Connecticut income tax withholding that is reported on the federal Form 1099-MISC that is furnished to the performing entity by the designated withholding agent is attributable to each member or participant and prepare a Form CT-592 for each member or participant accordingly.  This will facilitate the preparation and processing of each member or participant’s Connecticut income tax return. 

The January 2002 revision of Form CT-592 will be made available to tax practitioners and the public on the DRS Web site beginning January 7, 2002.(“Rev. 01/2002” appears in the upper left-hand corner of the January 2002 revision of this form.)  Persons filing this form before February 1, 2002, may use either the December 1999 revision or the January 2002 revision of this form. (“Rev. 12/99” appears in the upper left-hand corner of the December 1999 revision of this form.)  Persons filing this form on or after February 1, 2002 must use the January 2002 revision of this form, and may not use the December 1999 revision of this form.

Form CT-594, Nonresident Athlete and Entertainer Withholding Remittance Statement, will no longer be used.  A designated withholding agent will no longer  be required to complete the form, attach a copy to the designated withholding agent’s Form CT-941 for the calendar quarter, or provide a copy to each performer or performing entity. 

Summary of Withholding Responsibilities of Designated Withholding Agent:

Step 1. When paying a performer or performing entity for services performed in Connecticut, a designated withholding agent must withhold 4.5% (or less if authorized by DRS) of the gross payment to the payee.

If paying a performing entity, a designated withholding agent must provide the performing entity with a blank Form CT-592.  The performing entity will determine how much of the aggregate income and Connecticut income tax withholding that will be reported on the federal Form 1099-MISC furnished by the designated withholding agent to the performing entity is attributable to each member or participant and prepare a Form CT-592 for each member or participant accordingly.  This will facilitate the preparation and processing of each member or participant’s Connecticut income tax return.

Step 2. A designated withholding agent must maintain complete records, showing the name of the performer or performing entity, the amount paid to the performer or performing entity, the amount of Connecticut income tax withheld, and the date(s) of performance.

Step 3. On or before the last day of the month following the end of each calendar quarter, a designated withholding agent whose total annual Connecticut income tax withholding is $1,000 or more must complete Form CT-941, showing all amounts withheld on behalf of performers or performing entities during the calendar quarter, and file it with DRS.  The designated withholding agent must pay over the Connecticut income tax withheld during the calendar quarter when filing the Form CT-941 for the calendar quarter.  A designated withholding agent whose total annual Connecticut income tax withholding is less than $1,000 and permitted by DRS to file one Form CT-941 covering the entire calendar year, must complete the Form CT-941 by showing all amounts withheld on behalf of performers or performing entities during the calendar year, and file it with DRS.  The designated withholding agent must pay over the Connecticut income tax withheld during the calendar year when filing the Form CT-941 for the calendar year.  

Step 4. On or before the last day of February following the end of each calendar year, the designated withholding agent must complete Form CT-1096, Connecticut Annual Summary and Transmittal of Information Returns, and file it, along with a duplicate of each federal Form 1099-MISC reporting Connecticut income tax withholding information in Boxes 16 and 18, with DRS.  The individual from whose payment Connecticut income tax was withheld must submit a copy of federal Form 1099-MISC with his or her Connecticut income tax return.

Penalties And Interest: A designated withholding agent that fails to pay over the amount of Connecticut income tax that the designated withholding agent was required to withhold from a performer or performing entity is liable for payment of the tax, whether or not the tax was withheld from the performer or performing entity.  In addition, the designated withholding agent is liable for penalties and interest on the amount of Connecticut income tax that the designated withholding agent was required to withhold, if that amount is not paid over on or before the due date. 

Certain criminal penalties apply if a designated withholding agent willfully violates the law, or if a performer or performing entity willfully makes a statement known to be fraudulent or false in any material matter.  Also, any person who is responsible for withholding, truthfully accounting for and paying over Connecticut income tax and who willfully fails to withhold, truthfully account for or pay over the tax is personally liable for the tax.  See Conn. Gen. Stat. §§12-736, 12-737, and 12-738.

Effect On Other Documents: Policy Statement 96(1) is modified and superseded and may not be relied upon on or after the date of issuance of this Policy Statement.

Effect of This Document: A Policy Statement is a document that explains in depth a current DRS position, policy, or practice affecting the tax liability of taxpayers.

For Further Information: Please call DRS during business hours, Monday through Friday:

TTY, TDD, and Text Telephone users only may transmit inquiries 24 hours a day by calling 860-297-4911.

PS 2002(1)
Income Tax Withholding for Athletes and Entertainers
Income Tax Withholding
Issued:  12/31/2001