Connecticut State The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

Chestnut Importations into the US

PP088 (12/07)

By Dr. Sandra L. Anagnostakis
Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
123 Huntington Street
P. O. Box 1106
New Haven, CT 06504-1106

Telephone: (203) 974-8498 Fax: (203) 974-8502
Email: Sandra.Anagnostakis@ct.gov

When people find chestnut trees of any size growing in the New England woods they frequently call The Experiment Station, hoping that they have found an American chestnut tree resistant to Chestnut Blight Disease.  Usually the tree is Asian, or an Asian hybrid.  In previous centuries, chestnut trees were very important to the people on this continent.  They took advantage of "new and different" material much more than is generally realized, and were planting Asian species long before chestnut blight was discovered in New York City in 1904.  The USDA imported many seeds, and the Plant Introduction numbers can be searched for specific information about where the seed came from.  I have started compiling some information about the history of chestnut importations into North America, to help people better appreciate this valuable resource.  This will also be of value to people who know that "Grandpa planted some chestnut trees from the government called MAB." and would like to know the origin of those trees.

1773  Castanea sativa

Thomas Jefferson brought cuttings of European chestnuts to his home, Monticello, and grafted them onto native American chestnut trees.

1799  Castanea sativa

Eleuthere Irenee DuPont de Nemours moved from France to Bergen Point, NJ, and then to Brandywine, DE.  He brought many European chestnuts with him, imported more later, hybridized them and planted them all over the area.

1876  Castanea crenata

S. B. Parsons Co. in Flushing, NY imported lily bulbs from Japan through Thomas Hogg, who spent several years in Japan collecting many rare kinds of trees and shrubs.  One of the straw baskets contained chestnut seed, instead of lily bulbs.  The chestnuts were planted on Parsons' property in Stamford, CT, and the trees fruited two years later.  Seedlings were given to his friends, and soon attracted attention because of the large size and excellent quality of the nuts.  Mr. Parsons marketed these trees and their seedlings as Japan Chestnut until Andrew S. Fuller (in his treatise on nut culture in 1896) proposed calling it “Parson’s Japan.”  Japanese chestnuts have leaves that are smaller than the American or European.  They are long and narrow, with many leaf hairs on the underside, and teeth that are small and sharply pointed.  The nuts are large, but the pel is not easily removed, and tannins make them bitter until they are cooked.  These trees are among the most resistant to Chestnut Blight Disease, Phytophthora root disease (Ink Disease), and the many insects that attack the nuts.

There are three of these Parsons’ Japan chestnut trees still growing in Connecticut:  One is behind the Congregational Church in Cheshire, one is in front of the Bee and Thistle Inn in Old Lyme, and one is on the grounds of P. T. Barnum's house in Bridgeport.  The tree in Cheshire was probably planted by Tilton Munson or his son, who were then the owners of the property.  In the 1940’s, the owner was Mr. A. N. Sheriff, headmaster of the Cheshire Academy, who gave Arthur Graves permission to use the tree in crosses.  We have no information on the people who planted the Bee and Thistle tree.  The Old Lyme Inn, across the street from the Bee and Thistle, has Japanese chestnuts that look like the ‘Japan Giant’ sold by Ellwanger and Barry (Mt. Hope nurseries) in Rochester, NY, and these provide pollen for the Bee and Thistle tree.

1882  Castanea crenata

William Parry of Parry, NJ, imported 1,000 grafted trees, and selected 'Parry' for sale.

1886  Castanea crenata

Luther Burbank imported 10,000 nuts for selecting and hybridizing.  In 1893, he sold three trees to Judge Andrew J. Coe of Meriden, CT.  These were sold in 1897 to J. H. Hale of South Glastonbury who named them 'Coe', 'Hale', and 'McFarland' and sold them from his nursery.

1900  the 'Paragon' hybrid

[from Powell, 1899]

Great American (PA State Hort. Assoc. Proc. 1887)

Paragon (Popular Gardening, Dec. 1888)

"Burs immense, flattened, spines very long, branched, husk fleshy: nuts large, three or more in a bur, apex broad, depressed, 34 mm broad, 30 long, 23 thick, pubescent at tip, and slightly over two-thirds, dull dark brown, ridged, quality excellent;  tree hardy, spreading, vigorous; foliage distinct, narrow, coarsely serrate, tapering gradually at the point, base narrow, subject to leaf blight;  enormously productive, ripens at Parry, NJ Oct 10-15."

"Probably a seedling of a European chestnut, popularly supposed to have been planted by George Washington, standing at the first of this century on the west bank of the Schuylkill, above Philadelphia, on land owned by Richard Peters.  The parent nut was obtained by the late W. L. Shaffer, Germantown, PA, and was planted there more than fifty years ago (exact date unknown), on land now occupied by the Deaf and Dumb Asylum.  About 1875 the late H. M. Engle, Marietta, PA obtained grafts through Mr. Thomas Meehan, and introduced the nut in the early eighties, first as Great American, from its supposed American origin, and later as Paragon, when its European descent was fully accepted.  Its early prestige was a result of its supposed American origin, it being referred to the American type in its early references.  Bailey, in 1891, (Am. Garden), classed it as an American from the tapering form, and broad, deep serrations of the leaf, which are similar in the American foliage.

The form of the leaves alone support the supposed American origin of the 'Paragon' but the thickness of the foliage, which I have found a much less variable character than form, is distinctly European; the narrow base of the leaf is more European than American; and the low, spreading tree is distinctly European.  It is not unlikely that the parent nut resulted from American pollen on the European pistil, for the Americans and Europeans readily cross; or, what is equally probably, the form of the foliage may be a varietal variation from the type.  I am personally inclined to the latter view, as I find many gradations in form in the foliage of the European type, the same tree, as the 'Ridgely', or 'Styer' often producing leaves which vary from the abrupt to the narrow, long, tapering point.

I am indebted to Mr. Thomas Meehan for the facts concerning the parentage and early history of the 'Paragon'."

The Sober Groves

From the report of Ernest A. Sterling to the NY Legislature, 1903

"Mr. Coleman K. Sober is a wealthy lumberman of Lewisburg, PA, a man who has long been identified with the lumbering interests of central PA, an ardent sportsman, an advocate of forest and game protection, and on the whole a strong, energetic individual with an inborn ability to make a success of whatever he undertakes.  The motive which impelled him to make a costly experiment in chestnut culture was found in the desire to reclaim the waste lands of the State, and in the belief that a properly conducted chestnut grove would be a paying business venture.  The idea of grafting chestnut trees came to Mr. Sober when, as a boy, he helped his father graft apple trees on the old farm, which is now the improved country estate of which the chestnut groves are a part.  There existed near the old farmhouse a large native chestnut tree, the decrepit remains of which can still be seen, that bore chestnuts of unusual size and excellent flavor.  To graft scions from this tree upon the poorer native chestnut trees of the vicinity was a boyhood dream, which was always discouraged; so that the realization of the desire came only recently, and not until Mr. Sober had grown to mature manhood.  Of course when the work of grafting chestnut trees was finally taken up on a large scale it was not the fine old native chestnut which furnished the scions, but rather the larger and more valuable imported or improved native varieties which were used.  True to his old desire, however, Mr. Sober grafted a number of trees with twigs from the old native tree, but as yet they are not old enough to bear profusely.

The chestnut grove proper is a part of Mr. Sober's large model farm, and is divided into two detached parcels with a total area of nearly 300 acres, the exact acreage not being known.  In location it is in Irish Valley about six miles from the small station of Paxinos on the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and some eight miles from the mining town of Shamokin. 

In the choice of species very little experimental work has been done.  It was early decided that the 'Paragon' nut was the best; hence this variety alone has been grafted extensively.  Investigations in other orchards, and the literature consulted, confirm this choice of variety as a wise one.  Compared with the common European and Japanese chestnuts the 'Paragon' is more prolific, less troubled by curculio, comes into bearing sooner, and has a finer flavored nut.  In size, too, the nuts are equal to the best.  With selected nuts thirty two will weigh one pound, while many specimens will cover a silver dollar.  The rapidity with which the 'Paragon' will come into bearing is also astonishing.  One little two-year-old graft, no higher than a man's shoulder, last year matured fifty-six burs; while a tree three to four years old will produce a pint or two of nuts.  here are approximately 240 grafted trees per acre in Mr. Sober's grove at present.  The total number of trees is probably not far from 75,000."

1903  Chestnuts in Pennsylvania and New Jersey Chestnuts

From the report of Ernest A. Sterling to the NY Legislature, 1903

Sober                     300 acres                         central PA near Shamokin

          75,000 grafted 'Paragon'

Albion                     150 acres                         Clementon, NJ

          9,000 to 15,000 grafted trees, mostly 'Numbo"

Mammoth                120 acres                         Clementon, NJ

          As Albion

Moon                      (nursery)                          Morrisville, PA

          Grafted and sold, mostly 'Numbo', original from France or England, 1850

Comfort                  1 acre                              Fallsington, PA

          56 grafted trees, mostly 'Numbo'

Lovett                    22 acres                           Emilie, PA

          1,200 grafted trees, mostly 'Paragon'

Collins           30 acres                           Morristown, NJ

          Grafted many cultivars, 'Paragon' best

Parry Brothers Nursery                                     Cinnaminson, NJ

          Many grafted seedlings, $90 per 100

Williams                                                         Riverton, NJ

          7,500 seedlings grafted with European and Japanese cultivars

Beecher                  ~80 acres                         Pottsville, PA

          18,000 grafted 'Paragon'

Records from the Plant Introduction Publications, 1901 through 1925

DATE               P.I. NUMBER              SPECIES AND INFORMATION

1901

                   6530   Castanea sp.

                             G.D. Brill; Hankow, China

                   6533   Castanea sp.

                             G.D. Brill; Ichang, China

                   6634   Castanea sp.

                             G.D. Brill; “seed mixed, large and medium” China

1902

                   8362   Castanea sp.

                             Lathrop and Fairchild; Canton, China

8393   Castanea crenata

          “Japan Mammoth,” L. Boehmer & Co., Yokohama, Japan

1904

                   12773  Castanea crenata

                             F.W. Bruggerhof, president of J.M. Thorburn Co.,

                             New York City

1905

                   12681  Castanea vesca [sativa]

                             San Giovanni a Teduccio near Naples through Damman & Co.

                   13130  Castanea crenata

                             T.E. Steele, Palmyra, NY

                   13131  Castanea sativa

                             T.E. Steele, Palmyra, NY

1909

                   26230-231     Castanea pumila X Castanea crenata

                             VanFleet, Little Silver, NJ

                   26232-233     Castanea pumila X Castanea, “Paragon”

                             VanFleet, Little Silver, NJ

                   26234-235     Castanea pumila X Castanea crenata

                             F2 selfed, VanFleet, Little Silver, NJ

1910

                   27587  Castanea (Corean)

                             Yokohama Co. (purchased from nursery)

                   28513  Castonopsis

                             “Ber shin tze,” Wu chang, Hupeh, China

1912

                   34517  Castanea sp.

                             wild, Tientsin, China

1913

                   35891  Castanea mollissima

                             “Lee tze,” Frank Meyer #1867a

                             low branching, open headed

                             San Tun Ying, China

                   35917  Castanea sp.

                             Seoul, Chosen, Korea

                             free from insect injury, very sweet, loose pellicle

                   36666  Castanea mollissima

                             “Lee tze,” Frank Meyer #1893a

                             Pang shan region, northeast of Peking

                             250 lbs. of seed (!)

1914

                   37547  Castanea mollissima

                             Frank Meyer #1103

                             Yatzeko (villege), south of Sianfu, China

                             said to have large fruits, very blight resistant

                   37548  Castanea mollissima

                             “K’uei li tzu,” Frank Meyer #2005a

                             one days’ journey south of Sianfu

                             a “Lee tze” type with very large nuts

                   37799  Castanea mollissima

                             “K’uei li tzu,” Frank Meyer #2006a

                             Yatzeko, China (same as 37548)

                             not very hardy north of Washington, D.C.

                   37800  Castanea mollissima

                             “Yin li tzu” (means Silver Chestnut),

                             Frank Meyer #2007a

                             ordinary local chestnut, small nuts,

                             low branching, not tall, leaves persist until spring

                   38182  Castanea mollissima

                             Frank Meyer #2013a

                             Taishan region near Taianfu, Shantung, China

                             very susceptible to blight,

                             nuts peculiar, bent in at tops

                   39550 and 39551  Castanea sp.

                             Nanking, China (collected inside city)

                   39618  Castanea sp.

                             Songdo, Chosen, Korea

                   39413  Castanea crenata

                             “Imperial,” Tokyo, Japan

1915              

39717  Castanea sp.

                             Anhwei, Nanking, China

                   39866  Castanea sp.

                             China

                   39721  Castanea mollissima

                             Tientsin, China

                   39965  Castanea crenata

                             Buitenzorg, Java

                   40035  Castanea sp.

                             Frank Meyer #2173a

                             Huihsien, Kansu, China

                             medium tall, slender trunk, bark smoother than

                             mollissima; leaves, burs, and nuts small,

                             likes shade, damp soil

                   40036  Castanea sp.

                             Frank Meyer #2174a

                             Chenghsien, Kansu, China

as 40035, wild in mountains, mild climate only

                   40209  Castanea sp.

                             Nanking, Kiangsu, China

                   40508  Castanea mollissima

                             Frank Meyer #2179a

                             “Qui li tzu,” more resistant to blight than

                             normal, Yatzeko, S of Sianfu, Shensi, China

1916

                   43832  Castanea henryi

                             cuttings from the Arnold Arboretum

                             probably #551 of E.H. Wilson from 1908

1917            44197  Castanea mollissima

                             Frank Meyer #2324a

                             Pangshan district NE of Peking

                             dark colored nuts

                   44198  Castanea mollissima

                             Frank Meyer #2325a

                             Pangshan district NE of Peking

                             light colored nuts

                   44448  Castanea mollissima

                             Anhwei province, China

                   44440  Castanopsis sp.

                             Anchin, Anhwei province, China

                   45255  Castanea crenata

                             Y. Kin, China, Hangchow, Chekiang Province

                             large nutted variety

                   45256  Castanea crenata

                             as above

                             small nutted variety

                   45329  Castanea neglecta

                             D. Grinnan, Madison Co., VA, Rapidan River bank

                             assumed to be a hybrid, pumila X dentata

1918

                   45330 to 45342    Castanea sp.

                             various o.p. seeds from W. Van Fleet, Bell, MD.

                   45507  Castanea sp.

                             o.p. seeds from J.W. Killen, Felton, DE

45670  Castanea henryi

          as 43832

45858-45866  Castanea spp.

          cuttings from Van Fleet, Bell, MD

45947  Castanea mollissima

          Frank Meyer #2457a

          “Ta pan li tze” “large board oak” seeds

          Ichang, Hupeh, China (mountains)

45948  Castanea mollissima

          Frank Meyer #2458a

          “Wa li tze” “bean chestnut” wholly resistant

          to blight, wild trees 3000 to 6000 above sea

          level, Wantiaoshan, Hupeh, China

45949  Castanea seguinii

          Frank Meyer #2459a

          “Moh pan li,” “hairy board oak” shrubby

          chinquapin totally resistant to blight

          Ichang, Hupeh, China

46780  Castanea mollissima

          Wushek, N China

46822-46831  Castanea neglecta

          Cape Henry, VA

47330-47348  Castanea dentata

          scions of trees found by A.H. Graves,

          collected by W. Van Fleet

          may have some blight resistance

1919

                   48555  Castanea crenata

                             Kobe, Japan

                             seeds being loaded for shipment to America

                   48556  Castanea crenata ?

                             Foochow, China, seeds from the market

1922

                   55079  Castanea sativa

                             Vilmor in-Andrieux & Co., Paris, France

                             Leaves of various shapes, “heterophylla”

                   55827  Castanea sativa

                             C.S. Sargent

                             From T.H. Symington’s land in Morristown, N.J.

                   55930  Castanea mollissima

                             J.F. Rock #6165

                             Yangpi Mts. Near Tsangshan Range, China

                   55983  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6256

                             8000 to 9000 ft, Yangpi Mts., China

                   55984  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6256

                             wild trees, 8000 ft, Haitung Range east of Lake Tali, China

                   56080  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6682

                             8200 ft, W of Talifu and 12 mi from Yungping, China

                   56081  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6683

                             Yellow clay forest 6 mi from Paitoupu, China

                   56082  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6683a

                             As above, smaller burs, spines different

                   56083  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6686

                             Near Talipingpu, W of Talifu, China

                   56118  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock (no number)

                             Kancha, N of Tengyueh, China

                   56119  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6683

                             Paitoupu, China

                   56128  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6714

                             6,500 ft, N of Manchi, China

                   56129  Castanea sp.

                             J.F. Rock #6715

                             Tops of ridges above Menglien, China

1924

                   58602  Castanea mollissima

                             Nanking, China

                             Seed purchased from Prof. J.H. Reisner, Forestry

                             University of Nanking

                   58659  Castanea mollissima

                             Yihsien, Shantung, China

                   58719-58724  Castanea mollissima

                             Shantung, China

                   61834  Castanea sp.

                             P.H. Dorsett #790

                             Fa Hua Ssu temple, Taitzu, Chihli, China

                             Finest nuts and trees seen

                   61835  Castanea sp.

                             P.H. Dorsett #791

                             Fa Hua Ssu temple, Taitzu, Chihli, China

                             Ordinary nuts and trees

                   62129  Castanea mollissima

                             N China, hardy, blight-resistant trees

1925

                   62257  Castanea sp.

                             P.H. Dorsett #1677

                             “Hu chaoli Tzu” “Tiger Paw,” same as #61834

                   62258  Castanea sp.

                             P.H. Dorsett #1678, same as #61835

                   62393  Castanea mollissima

                             F.A. McClure #23

                             “Fung Lut,” Lungtin, Kwangtung, China

                   62764  Castanea sp.

                             P.H. Dorsett #1871

                             Same source as #61834, nuts ripen later

                   65450  Castanea henryi

                             from C.S. Sargent, Arnold Arboretum

                             probably their Wilson import, as 43832

                   65619  Castanea mollissima

                             J.H. Dorsett #4687

                             “Ta chao li tze” “Tiger Paw,” same as #61834

                   65620  Castanea mollissima

                             J.H. Dorsett #4688

                             “Pai lu li tze” “White Dew,” same as #61835

Seeds sown in the Plant Introduction Station at Bell, MD with the row designations (letters), PI numbers and numbers assigned by Fred Berry, species, and year planted.

Row

PI #

Fred Berry #

Species

date

A

76196

C. crenata

1929

B

76097, 76105, 76187

C. crenata

1929

C

76093

C. crenata

1929

D

77214

C. crenata

1929

E

76090

C. crenata

1929

F

77225

C. crenata

1929

G

77217

C. crenata

1929

H

77242

C. crenata

1929

I

77213

C. crenata

1929

J

77226

C. crenata

1929

K

77210

C. crenata

1929

L

77205

C. crenata

1929

(M)

N

76192

C. crenata

1928

O

77238

C. crenata

1928

P

77222

C. crenata

1928

Q

76202

C. crenata

1928

R

76094

C. crenata

1928

S

77218, 77219

C. crenata

1928

T

77216

C. crenata

1928

U

77209

C. crenata

1928

V

76201

C. crenata

1928

W

76186

C. crenata

1928

X

76088

C. crenata

1928

Y

77241

C. crenata

1928

Z

77240, 77236

C. crenata

1928

AA

77228

C. crenata

1927

AB

75469, 75472, 75473, 75474, 75476

72311

C. crenata

1927

AC

75477

C. crenata

1927

AD

75478

C. crenata

1927

AE

75479

C. crenata

1927

AF

75480

C. crenata

1927

AG

75481

C. crenata

1927

AH

75482

C. crenata

1927

AI

75483, 75485, 75486, 75487, 75488, 75489, 75490

C. crenata

1927

(AJ)

AK

75491

C. crenata

1927

AL

75492

C. crenata

1927

AM

75493, 75494

C. crenata

1927

AN

75495

C. crenata

1927

AO

75496

C. crenata

1927

AP

75497

C. crenata

1927

AQ

75498

C. crenata

1927

AR

75499

C. crenata

1927

AS

75500, 75501

C. crenata

1927

AT

75502

C. crenata

1927

AU

75503

C. crenata

1927

AV

75504

C. crenata

1927

AW

75505

C. crenata

1927

AX

75506

C. crenata

1927

AY

75507

C. crenata

1927

BA

75508

C. crenata

1927

BB

C. crenata

1927

BC

75509

C. crenata

1927

BD

C. crenata

1927

BE

75511

C. crenata

1927

BF

75512

C. crenata

1927

BG

75513

C. crenata

1927

BH

75514

C. crenata

1927

BI

75515

C. crenata

1927

BJ

75516

C. crenata

1927

BK

75517

C. crenata

1927

BL

75518

C. crenata

1927

BM

75519

C. crenata

1927

BN

75520

C. crenata

1927

BO

75521

C. crenata

1927

BP

75522

C. crenata

1927

BQ

75523

C. crenata

1927

BR

75524

C. crenata

1927

BS

75525

C. crenata

1927

(BT)

BU

C. crenata

1927

BV

C. crenata

1927

BW

C. crenata

1927

BX

C. crenata

1927

BZ

C. crenata

1927

CC

77221

C. crenata

1929

DD

77220

C. crenata

1929

EE

77204

C. crenata

1929

FF

77200

C. crenata

1929

GG

75197

C. crenata

1929

HH

76188

C. crenata

1929

II

76095

C. crenata

1929

JJ

76091 & 76092

C. crenata

1929

KK

77239

C. crenata

1929

LL

77234

C. crenata

1929

(MM)

NN

77233

C. crenata

1929

OO

77229

C. crenata

1929

PP

77215

C. crenata

1929

QQ

77206

C. crenata

1929

RR

77202

C. crenata

1929

SS

76187

C. crenata

1929

TT

76096

C. crenata

1929

UU

76089

C. crenata

1929

VV

80388

C. species

1929

WW

78644

C. crenata

1929

(XX)

YY

77207

C. crenata

1929

ZZ

76198

C. crenata

1928

(DA-DD)

DE

85767

C. crenata

1929

DF

85765

C. crenata

1929

DG

85769

C. crenata

1929

DH

85770

C. crenata

1929

(DI)

DJ

85771

C. crenata

1930

DK

85772

C. crenata

1930

(DL)

DM

85774

C. crenata

1930

DN

85775

C. crenata

1930

DO

85776

C. crenata

1930

DP

85777

C. crenata

1930

DQ

85778

C. crenata

1930

DR

85779

C. crenata

1930

DS

85780

C. crenata

1930

DT

85781

C. crenata

1930

DU

87582

C. crenata

1930

DH

85770

C. crenata

1930

(DI)

DJ

85771

C. crenata

1930

DK

85772

C. crenata

1930

(DL)

DM

85774

C. crenata

1930

DN

85775

C. crenata

1930

DO

85776

C. crenata

1930

DP

85777

C. crenata

1930

DQ

85778

C. crenata

1930

DR

85779

C. crenata

1930

DS

85780

C. crenata

1930

DT

85781

C. crenata

1930

DU

85782

C. crenata

1930

DV

85783

C. crenata

1930

DW

85784

C. crenata

1930

DX

85785

C. crenata

1930

DY

85786

C. crenata

1930

DZ

85787

C. crenata

1930

(EA-EE)

EF

85788

C. crenata

1929

EG

85789

C. crenata

1929

EH

85790

C. crenata

1929

(EI)

EJ

85791

C. crenata

1929

EK

85792

C. crenata

1929

EL

85793

C. crenata

1929

EM

85794

C. crenata

1929

EN

85795

C. crenata

1929

EO

85796

C. crenata

1929

EP

85797

C. crenata

1929

EQ

85798

C. crenata

1929

(ER)

ES

85801

C. crenata

1929

ET

85802

C. crenata

1929

EU

85803

C. crenata

1929

EV

85804

C. crenata

1929

(EW-EZ)

FA

76194

C. crenata

1928

GA

95576

C. crenata

1932

GB

95577

C. crenata

1932

GC

95578

C. crenata

1932

GD

95579

C. crenata

1932

GE

98256

C. crenata

1932

GF & GU

98733

C. crenata

1932

GH

98734

C. crenata

1932

GI

98735

C. crenata

1932

GJ

98736

C. crenata

1932

GK

101705

C. crenata

GL

101704

C. crenata

GM

104014

C. crenata

GN

104015

C. crenata

GO

104016

C. crenata

GP

104017

C. crenata

GQ

104018

C. crenata

GR

104019

C. crenata

GS

104020

C. crenata

GT

104021

C. crenata

GU

98733

C. crenata

1932, 1933

GV

108815

C. crenata

1934

GW

113678

C. crenata

1936, 1937

GX

113677

C. crenata

1936

GY

113676

C. crenata

1936

GZ

113679

C. crenata

1936

AAA

76193

C. crenata

1928

BBB

76191

C. crenata

1928

CCC

76190

C. crenata

1928

DDD

77203

C. crenata

1928

EEE

i.d. lost

ERA

85799

C. crenata

1929

ERB

85800

C. crenata

1929

FFF

76189

C. crenata

1928

GAA

113674

C. crenata

1936

GAB

113675

C. crenata

1936

GLS

101704

C. crenata

1933

GLL

101704

C. crenata

1933

MA

77227

C. mollissima (Korea)

1929

MB

77232

C. mollissima (Korea)

1929

MC

77233

C. mollissima (Korea)

1929

MD

77230

C. mollissima (Korea)

1929

ME

85805

C. mollissima (Korea)

1929

MF

85806

C. mollissima

1930

MG

85807

C. mollissima

1930

MH

85808

C. mollissima

1930

MI

86872

7810

C. mollissima (Japan)

1930

MJ

86873

7811

C. mollissima (Japan)

1930

MK

95615

17984

C. mollissima

1932

ML

95641

18011

C. mollissima

1932

MM

95642

18012

C. mollissima

1932

MN

95643

18013

C. mollissima

1932

MO

95644

18014

C. mollissima

1932

MP

95645

18015

C. mollissima

1932

MQ

95646

18016

C. mollissima

1932

MR

95647

18017

C. mollissima

1932

MS

95648

18018

C. mollissima

1932

MT

97853

19132

C. mollissima

1932

MU

98001

19307

C. mollissima

1932

MV

98002

19308

C. mollissima

1932

MW

98003

19309

C. mollissima

1932

MX

101588

23378

C. mollissima

1932

MY

101589

23393

C. mollissima

1932

MZ

101590

23379

C. mollissima

1932

MKO

mixed F2 of MK to MS in RANDLE NURSERY

C. mollissima

1934

MAA

101591

23380

C. mollissima

1933

MAB

101592

23381

C. mollissima

1933

MAC

101593

23382

C. mollissima

1933

MAD

101594

23383

C. mollissima

1933

MAE

101595

23384

C. mollissima

1933

MAF

101596

23392

C. mollissima

1933

MAG

101599

23385

C. mollissima

1933

MAH

101598

23386

C. mollissima

1933

(MAI)

MAJ

101600

23389

C. mollissima

1933

MAK

101601

23390

C. mollissima

1933

MAL

101602

MAM

101603

23388

C. mollissima

1933

MAN

101982

23898

C. mollissima

1933

MAO

101983

23899

C. mollissima

1933

MAP

101606

23395

C. mollissima

1933

MAQ

101690

23396

C. mollissima

1933

MAR

101601?

23397

C. mollissima

1933

MAS

101605

23398

C. mollissima

1933

MAT

104059

27060

C. mollissima

1934

MAU

104061

27062

C. mollissima

1934

MAV

104062

27063

C. mollissima

1934

MAW

104063

27065

C. mollissima

1934

MAX

104060

27061

C. mollissima

1934

MAY

108553

34096

C. mollissima

1935

MAZ

108554

24097

C. mollissima

1935

MBA

108552

C. mollissima

1935

MBB

113664

C. mollissima

1936

MBC

113665

C. mollissima

1936

MBD

113663

C. mollissima

1936

MBE

113666

C. mollissima

1936

MBF

113669

C. mollissima

1936

MBG

113667

C. mollissima

1936

MBH, MBJ

113668

C. mollissima

1936

MBK

134722

C. mollissima

1939

MBL

134723

C. mollissima

1939

MBM

134724

C. mollissima

1939

MBN

134725

C. mollissima

1939

MB0

134726

C. mollissima

1939

MBP

134727

C. mollissima

1939

MBQ

134728

C. mollissima

1939

MBR

134729

C. mollissima

1939

MBS

134730

C. mollissima

1939

MBT

153153

C. mollissima

1946

MCH

Seedlings of 78744 from CHICO

C. mollissima

HA

95631

C. Henryi

1932

HB

95633

C. Henryi

1932

HC

101587

C. Henryi

1933

HD

104057

C. Henryi

1934

HE

104058

C. Henryi

1934

(HF)

HG

108550

C. Henryi

1935

(HH – HI)

HJ

108551

C. Henryi

1935

HK

113661

C. Henryi

1936

(HL)

128570

C. Henryi

1938

SA

101607

C. seguinii

1933

SB

104064

C. seguinii

1934

SC

108555

C. seguinii

1935

SD

112753

C. seguinii

1935

SE

120647

C. seguinii

1937

R. Kent Beattie notes (no date)

Chestnut locations in China

Castanea mollissima sent to the Plant Introduction Station, Bell, MD

Chihli                    

Chee-san near Chang-li, Meyer

PI 17876

Pangshan, N.E. of Peking,Meyer

PI 44198

Ming Tombs, Reed

PI 56392

Anshan

PI 56393

Shihkiachwang

PI 56396

Wan Chia Chang, 45 li NW of Changli

PI 56761

Fa Hua Ssu, Dorsett

PI 65619

Anhwei

Anking, J. Bailie

PI 44448

Kiangan

Nanking, J. Bailie

PI 40209

Soochow, Ding Dong Mt. Isee

PI 58719

Shantung

Chiningchow, Taishan region near Tainfu, Meyer "trees badly attacked by bark disease"     (Endothia, 1914)

PI 38182

Tsinan

PI 56394

Yangchialou, N of Yihsien, Gordon

PI 58659

Taian-hsien Kiukou, Stephens (Reisner)

PI 58719

Chuchenghsien, Stephens (Reisner)

PI 58720

Tang-hsien, Romig (Reisner)

PI 58721

Yen-cheng, Romig (Reisner)

PI 58722

Pei-hsien, Romig (Reisner)

PI 58723

Chekiang

Hangchow

PI 45255

Shanyu, Shoemaker (Reisner)

PI 58724

Shensi

Yatzko, S. of Sianfu, Meyer "somewhat more resistant to the bark disease than ordinary Chinese chestnut, propagated by grafting"

PI 40508

Hupeh

Hankow

PI 6530

Ichang

PI 45947

Kansu

Hui-hsien, Meyer

PI 40035

Cheng-hsein, Meyer

PI 40036

Yunnan

Tangyueh, Rock

PI 56130

Shiku Valley, two days west of Likiang

PI 56488